04 修護作業

每件織品文物都是獨一無二的至寶，如同人會老、會生病，東西也會老化、損壞，都需要有人來治療它、維護它。織品修護是份細膩的專業技術，需用耐心、謹慎、仔細的態度來面對，因此，織品文物修護時，應依循文物真實性、保留原始材料、修復材料可移除性、材料可辨視性及不作人為臆測等原則，避免織品文物因修護不當而失去價值。

1. 真實性原則：尊重織品文物歷史及所屬地域文化的差異性，修復應因地制宜。織品原始材料是歷史與文化脈絡的物證，保留原始材料即為體現文物歷史的真實性。
2. 可再處理原則：材料產出即開始老化，處理技法也會與時俱進，未來有需再被處理時，可能需要移除先前的材料與技法。因此，使用可移除性或可再處理的材料與技法，較能保障織品文物日後能再被處理的可能性。
3. 最小干預原則：以維持織品文物結構穩定性及後續保存為主要目的，選擇適當的處理方式，對文物原件最小干預為原則，例如：移除不屬於原物且有危害的物質，為維持結構穩定添加之復護材料等，對文物影響且改變最小的方式。
4. 可辨視性原則：為尊重織品文物的原始材料，修復處理若需添加新材料時，修護處應可辨視，並需就使用材料與處理方式等詳細記錄。
5. 不可臆測原則：迭失或劣損的樣貌或圖紋，不作人為猜測。修護時，應先詳實調查，收集足夠的資訊，進行還原程度評估及討論。修護過程應詳細記錄修護前後的狀態。

Each textile artifact is one-of-a-kind treasure. Much like humans who age and get sick, textiles will also age and slowly break down. Eventually they need attention and restoration to extend their lives. Textile conservation is a delicate and professional process, one that requires patience, prudence, and attention to detail. When conserving textiles, there are several principles to follow to avoid any loss to the value of the textile due to improper conservation. These principles are as follows:

1. Authenticity: A need to respect the textile’s history and the unique characteristics of the culture from which it emerged. Conservation should be in line with local conditions and circumstances. The original materials of the textile serve as evidence of its historical and cultural context and thus their conservation is key to preserving the textile’s authenticity.
2. Preparation: As materials begin to age and restoration techniques advance with time, it might be necessary to remove previously used materials or treatments. Therefore, it is important to use removable or reprocessable materials or techniques to ensure the textile can be easily restor at a later date.
3. Minimal Intervention: The central purpose of any treatment is to maintain the structural stability of the textile—both at present and in any future conservation efforts. Therefore, when selecting a treatment method, the one that is least intervention is preferred. Except for removing items not original to the work or hazardous materials, or adding materials that assist in the stability of the textile, treatment should strive to be as minimally invasive as possible.
4. Visibility: A need to respect the original materials of the textile. If new materials are added as part of the restoration process, these materials should be visible and identifiable, with all conservation materials and methods carefully documented.
5.  Avoiding Guesswork: Avoid guessing at the appearance of a pattern that has been lost or is unclear. During any treatment, a detailed investigation should be first undertaken and sufficient data collected before assessing the degree of restoration needed. During the conservation process detailed before/after records should be kept.